| China (Mainland) |
Standard Mandarin; regional languages and dialects also used |
Simplified Chinese characters |
YYYY年MM月DD日 or YYYY-MM-DD |
Renminbi (CNY/RMB) |
Respectful, relationship-oriented communication is important; direct public disagreement may be avoided in formal settings. |
Red is commonly associated with celebration and prosperity; avoid assuming that one color has a universal meaning across all contexts. |
Use native Simplified Chinese copy, local proofreading, locally relevant examples, and clear privacy and service explanations. |
| Japan |
Japanese |
Kanji, hiragana, and katakana |
YYYY年MM月DD日 or YYYY/MM/DD |
Japanese yen (JPY) |
Politeness levels and honorific language signal respect; concise but carefully qualified wording is often preferred in professional contexts. |
Clean layouts, balanced spacing, and restrained visual hierarchy generally support trust; avoid cluttered interfaces. |
Use professional Japanese transcreation, appropriate honorifics, local customer-support etiquette, and sufficient space for longer text. |
| South Korea |
Korean |
Hangul; Hanja appears in limited formal or specialist contexts |
YYYY년 MM월 DD일 or YYYY-MM-DD |
South Korean won (KRW) |
Speech levels distinguish formality and social relationship; credibility, speed, and clear hierarchy can influence user expectations. |
Modern, dense digital layouts can work well, but readability and clear information grouping remain essential. |
Localize honorifics, user-interface labels, search terms, customer-service scripts, and mobile-first layouts. |
| India |
Hindi and English at the Union level; many state and regional languages |
Multiple scripts, including Devanagari, Bengali, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Kannada, Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu scripts |
DD/MM/YYYY is widely used |
Indian rupee (INR) |
India is highly diverse by region, language, religion, and income; avoid treating Hindi-speaking users as representative of the entire market. |
Color meanings vary by region and context; accessible contrast and support for multiple scripts are more reliable than a single national visual code. |
Segment by state or language group, support English plus relevant regional languages, and test typography, payment flows, and low-bandwidth performance. |
| Indonesia |
Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia); many local languages |
Latin alphabet |
DD/MM/YYYY |
Indonesian rupiah (IDR) |
Warm, approachable wording often performs better than highly formal translation; religious and regional diversity should be recognized. |
Use inclusive imagery and avoid using religious symbols or clothing as generic decoration without context. |
Use natural Indonesian, provide clear halal or religiously sensitive information where relevant, and account for regional language differences. |
| Thailand |
Thai; English is used in many international and tourism contexts |
Thai script |
DD/MM/YYYY; Buddhist Era years are common in official contexts |
Thai baht (THB) |
Politeness, social harmony, and avoidance of embarrassment are important considerations in public communication. |
Some colors have associations with days of the week and cultural occasions; use color testing rather than relying on assumptions. |
Use native Thai review, verify calendar-year handling, and avoid imagery or wording that could be perceived as disrespectful to Buddhism or the monarchy. |
| Vietnam |
Vietnamese |
Latin-based quốc ngữ with diacritics |
DD/MM/YYYY |
Vietnamese đồng (VND) |
Respect for age, role, and relationship can affect pronoun choice; natural Vietnamese is more important than literal word-for-word translation. |
Red and gold may be prominent in festive contexts; imagery should reflect contemporary urban and regional diversity. |
Preserve diacritics, localize personal pronouns carefully, and plan campaign timing around Tết and other major holidays. |
| Malaysia |
Malay is the official language; English, Mandarin, and Tamil are also widely used |
Latin alphabet for Malay; Chinese and Tamil scripts are also used |
DD/MM/YYYY |
Malaysian ringgit (MYR) |
Malaysia is multicultural and multilingual; religious identity, ethnicity, and region can influence acceptable imagery and wording. |
Use modest, inclusive imagery and avoid presenting one ethnic or religious group as the default national identity. |
Offer language options appropriate to the audience, observe halal-related expectations where applicable, and check regional holiday calendars. |
| Singapore |
English, Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil are official languages; English is the main working language |
Latin alphabet, Simplified Chinese, and Tamil script |
DD/MM/YYYY is common |
Singapore dollar (SGD) |
Clear, efficient, and professional communication is valued; localized English should remain easy to understand across communities. |
Use multicultural representation and avoid assuming that Chinese cultural references represent the whole population. |
Prioritize clear English, support relevant language versions, and test content for cultural neutrality and accessibility. |
| Philippines |
Filipino and English; numerous regional languages |
Latin alphabet |
MM/DD/YYYY is common, while DD/MM/YYYY and ISO formats also appear |
Philippine peso (PHP) |
Friendly, conversational, and relationship-based wording often feels natural; English is widely understood but still benefits from local editing. |
Warm imagery and community-oriented scenes can be effective, but representation should include regional and socioeconomic diversity. |
Use Filipino or locally natural English where appropriate, clarify date formats, and prepare campaigns for regional holidays and typhoon-related service needs. |